See kayser in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Kaiser"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "Kaiser"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Kaiser"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "kaiser"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"keisar",
"keisar#Old_High_German"
],
[
"*kaisar",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kaisar"
],
[
"*kaisaraz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaisaraz"
],
[
"Caesar",
"Caesar#Latin"
],
[
"keisari",
"keisari#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*keisari",
"Reconstruction:Old Saxon/keisari"
],
[
"casere",
"casere#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "goh",
"3": "keisar",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Old High German keisar",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kaisar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaisar",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kaisaraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "Caesar"
},
"expansion": "Latin Caesar",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "keisari"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse keisari",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*keisari"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *keisari",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Often taken as borrowed from Old High German keisar, from Proto-West Germanic *kaisar, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar, though borrowing from Old Norse keisari (from Old Saxon *keisari, from the same Proto-West Germanic source) has sometimes been posited instead; Dance prefers this on the basis of forms with final /ə/ (traditionally explained as assimilation to the synonym casere), asserting that those without it come from syncope before the final /s/ in the plural which was then levelled into the singular, while Björkman hypothesises a blend of both etymologies.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kayseres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaysere",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caisare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caiser",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caisoure",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cayser",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caysere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaiser",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaisere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "keiser",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "kayser",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kayseres",
"dat": "kaysere"
},
"expansion": "kayser (plural kayseres, dative singular kaysere)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Heads of state",
"orig": "enm:Heads of state",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "enm:Monarchy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An emperor (the ruler of an empire; a supreme ruler)"
],
"id": "en-kayser-enm-noun-PRiRvKAe",
"links": [
[
"emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler#English"
],
[
"empire",
"empire#English"
],
[
"supreme",
"supreme#English"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "emperour"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæi̯zər(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "kayser"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"tr:Heads of state",
"tr:Monarchy"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Kaiser"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "Kaiser"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Kaiser"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "kaiser"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"keisar",
"keisar#Old_High_German"
],
[
"*kaisar",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kaisar"
],
[
"*kaisaraz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaisaraz"
],
[
"Caesar",
"Caesar#Latin"
],
[
"keisari",
"keisari#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*keisari",
"Reconstruction:Old Saxon/keisari"
],
[
"casere",
"casere#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "goh",
"3": "keisar",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Old High German keisar",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kaisar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaisar",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kaisaraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "Caesar"
},
"expansion": "Latin Caesar",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "keisari"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse keisari",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*keisari"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *keisari",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Often taken as borrowed from Old High German keisar, from Proto-West Germanic *kaisar, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar, though borrowing from Old Norse keisari (from Old Saxon *keisari, from the same Proto-West Germanic source) has sometimes been posited instead; Dance prefers this on the basis of forms with final /ə/ (traditionally explained as assimilation to the synonym casere), asserting that those without it come from syncope before the final /s/ in the plural which was then levelled into the singular, while Björkman hypothesises a blend of both etymologies.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kayseres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaysere",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caisare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caiser",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caisoure",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cayser",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caysere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaiser",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaisere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "keiser",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "kayser",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kayseres",
"dat": "kaysere"
},
"expansion": "kayser (plural kayseres, dative singular kaysere)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old High German",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old High German",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Heads of state",
"enm:Monarchy"
],
"glosses": [
"An emperor (the ruler of an empire; a supreme ruler)"
],
"links": [
[
"emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler#English"
],
[
"empire",
"empire#English"
],
[
"supreme",
"supreme#English"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "emperour"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæi̯zər(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "kayser"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kayser meaning in Middle English (3.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.